BMPs Associated With BMP Categories

BMP Links

Development Activities Avoid, Minimize, Mitigate Habitat Wetlands BMPs by BMP Category Conservation Measures Conservation Measures and BMPs

This table shows Best Management Practice Categories and the most commonly applied Best Management Practice for each category. Both habitat and wetland BMPs are shown.

The table is organized alphabetically by Best Managment Practice Category. Use the alphabetical links to skip to the letter of the alphabet that interests you.

 

 

 

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R -T U V W X Y Z

BMP CATEGORY	SPECIFIC BMP
Access and Management Control	Conservation covenants (CCC Ordinance)
Access and Management Control	Cumulative Effects Fund (CCC Ordinance)
Access and Management Control	Habitat access control
Access and Management Control	Buffer Averaging by revegetation will offset buffer encroachment
Bald Eagle	Maintain as many mature trees as possible to protect forage, perch, alternate nest, and roost habitat.
Bald Eagle	Limit activities that result in increased pedestrian activity within 240 m (800 ft) of nests, as well as careful management of public trails and camping within this distance (Watson and Pierce 1998).
Bald Eagle	Avoid activities such as tree cutting, the use of heavy machinery, pile driving, and blasting within 240 m (800 ft) of bald eagle nests during the breeding season.
Bald Eagle	Maintain high tree density and moderate canopy closure to visually buffer bald eagle nests from human activities.
Bald Eagle	A buffer of 120-240 m (400-800 ft) from the nest should be maintained to protect the core stand from the effects of windthrow.
Bald Eagle	Nests and nest trees must be protected because bald eagles typically use and maintain the same nests year after year. In addition, nests that appear to be unoccupied also need protection, because bald eagles often construct alternate nests.
Bald Eagle	Buffer bald eagle nests with a two-zone management system, consisting of a protected zone 120 m (400 ft) from the nest tree and a conditioned zone that extends from 100 to 240 m (330-800 ft) beyond the edge of the protected zone.
Bald Eagle	Protect core communal roost stands and staging stands with a buffer of approximately 120 m (400 ft) around core stands.
Bald Eagle	Activities that produce noise or visual effects within 120 m (400 ft) of the edges of communal roost trees or staging trees should be conducted outside of the critical roosting period (November 15 - March 15).
Bald Eagle	Leave 250 ft wide strips of perch trees and protective buffers along shorelines within eagle nesting territories and winter feeding areas.
Bald Eagle	Breeding: 1 January -31 August; avoid activities within 800 ft of nest trees
Bald Eagle	Wintering: 15 November-15 March; avoid activities within 400 ft of roost stands
Bald Eagle	In foraging areas with little or no screening, bald eagles that are feeding should be allowed at least 450 m (1,500 ft) from human activity and permanent structures.
Bald Eagle	Perch trees and potential foraging perches >51 cm (20 in) dbh and <75 m (246 ft) from the top of a bank or shore should be protected.
Band-tailed Pigeons	Protect and/or enhance mineral springs and other mineral sources used by band-tailed pigeons. These areas should be a high priority for conservation-oriented acquisition.
Band-tailed Pigeons	Avoid removal of trees surrounding mineral sites.
Band-tailed Pigeons	Avoid large clearcuts in band-tailed pigeon habitat.
Band-tailed Pigeons	Replant clearcuts with multiple tree species. Maintain and enhance berry-, fruit-, and nutproducing shrubs and trees in band-tailed pigeon habitat.
Bank Stabilization	Channel Modifications (ISPG 2002)
Bank Stabilization	Riparian Buffer Management (ISPG 2002)
Bank Stabilization	Flow-redirection Techniques Groins
Bank Stabilization	Flow-redirection Techniques Buried Groins
Bank Stabilization	Flow-redirection Techniques Barbs
Bank Stabilization	Flow-redirection Techniques Engineered Log Jams
Bank Stabilization	Flow-redirection Techniques Drop Structures
Bank Stabilization	Flow-redirection TechniquesPorous Wiers
Bank Stabilization	Flow-redirection TechniquesRemove or Reduce Feature
Bank Stabilization	Structural Techniques Anchor Points
Bank Stabilization	Structural Techniques Roughness Trees
Bank Stabilization	Structural Techniques Riprap
Bank Stabilization	Structural Techniques Log Toes
Bank Stabilization	Structural Techniques Roughened Rock Toes
Bank Stabilization	Structural Techniques Log Cribwalls
Bank Stabilization	Structural Techniques Manufactured Retention Systems
Bank Stabilization	Biotechnical techniques Woody Planting
Bank Stabilization	Biotechnical techniques Herbaceous Cover
Bank Stabilization	Biotechnical techniques Soil Reinforcement
Bank Stabilization	Biotechnical techniques Coir Logs
Bank Stabilization	Biotechnical techniques Bank Reshaping
Bank Stabilization	Internal Bank Drainage Techinques (ISPG 2002)
Bank Stabilization	Avulsion Prevention Techniques Floodplain Roughness
Bank Stabilization	Avulsion Prevention Techniques Floodplain Grade Control
Bank Stabilization	Avulsion Prevention Techniques Floodplain Flow Spreader
Blue Grouse	Selective cutting or small clearcuts should be conducted in areas known to contain wintering or breeding blue grouse.
Blue Grouse	At least 100 trees per acre that are larger than 9" dbh should be left standing.
Blue Grouse	Openings should be less than 800 ft. wide to allow blue grouse movement across them.
Blue Grouse	Retain known winter roosts, including mature Douglas fir thickets near ridges.
Blue Grouse	All logging operations should include revegetation with a high percentage of forbs and a variety of trees rather than single plantings that include one or two species.
Buffer Protection	Limit vegetation removal(prune/top)
Buffer Protection	Selective removal of non-native plants
Buffer Protection	Restrict activities within drip line of trees
Buffer Protection	Limit excavation within Tree critical root zones (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Prohibit stockpiling of soil or construction materials near vegetation to be preserved (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Restrict trenching in critical root zones (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Prohibit impervious surfaces in critical root zones (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Avoid excavation or changing grade near trees to be preserved.  Consult an arborist for specific guidance (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Heavy equipment limited to that with the least adverse effects (minimally sized, rubber-tired ) (SLOPES III)
Buffer Protection	Limit vegetation removal(prune/top)
Buffer Protection	Selective removal of non-native plants
Buffer Protection	Restrict activities within drip line of trees
Buffer Protection	Limit excavation within Tree critical root zones (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Prohibit stockpiling of soil or construction materials near vegetation to be preserved (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Restrict trenching in critical root zones (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Prohibit impervious surfaces in critical root zones (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Avoid excavation or changing grade near trees to be preserved.  Consult an arborist for specific guidance (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Protection	Heavy equipment limited to that with the least adverse effects (minimally sized, rubber-tired ) (SLOPES III)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Re-establish Woody Plants (SHRG 2004)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Re-establish Shrubs/ Ground Covers (SHRG 2004)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Soil Management for revegetation (SHRG 2004)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Remove Non-native plant species
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Placement or creation of snags or retain snags
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Creation of woody debris piles
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Transplant affected plants to other areas of the site
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Demolish existing structures where not needed
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Retain or replace native topsoil (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Retain or replace native topsoil (PSAT 2005)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Modify general site design that reduces impact on buffer
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Low-impact development design reduces impact on buffer
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Establishing habitat corridors mitigates for local buffer impacts
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Buffer Averaging by revegetation will offset buffer encroachment
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Remove soil laden with RCG, and replace with wetland peat soil
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Re-establish Woody Plants (SHRG 2004)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Re-establish Shrubs/ Ground Covers (SHRG 2004)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Soil Management for revegetation (SHRG 2004)
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Remove Non-native plant species
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Placement or creation of snags or retain snags
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Transplant affected plants to other areas of the site
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Demolish existing structures where not needed
Buffer Revegetation/Enhancement	Buffer Averaging by revegetation will offset buffer encroachment
Buffer Width Reduction	Utilize best management practices to control dust
Buffer Width Reduction	Plant dense vegetation around buffer, such as rose or hawthorn
Buffer Width Reduction	Infiltrate or treat, detain, and disperse new runoff into buffer
Buffer Width Reduction	Route only treated runoff to a wetland. Establish covenants limiting use of toxic chemicals within 150' of wetland. Apply integrated pest management.
Buffer Width Reduction	Locate activity that generates noise away from wetland
Buffer Width Reduction	Direct lights away from wetland
California Floater Clam	Avoid major soil disturbing activities that might bury areas of Anodonta habitat (soft bottomed slack-water areas, of riffles immediately upstream from such areas).
California Floater Clam	Avoid fish blockage in streams occupied by A. californiensis and between occupied lakes and the streams that flow into them.
Cascade Torrent Salamander	In wet seeps, stream corridors, and riparian areas containing Cascade or Columbia torrent salamanders, adequate shade in riparian areas range between 11-30 m (35-100 ft).
Cascade Torrent Salamander	Woody debris should be retained where these salamanders occur.  30-55 m buffer for woody debris recruitment
Cascade Torrent Salamander	Vegetation removal on steep slopes and other unstable areas contributes to sedimentation and should not occur. Stream buffers presented in the literature for controlling sediment range from 30-88 m (100-289 ft).
Caves	Avoid development activities in or near cave habitat.
Cavity-Nesting Ducks	Preserve snags and cavity trees near suitable wetlands (i.e., shallow wetlands within 0.5 mi of cavities) to achieve a minimum density of 5 potential nest cavities/ac.  A minimum snag diameter or 12” although a diameter of 24” is preferred.
Cavity-Nesting Ducks	Do not remove partially submerged timber or woody vegetation along the shores of nesting and brood areas.  Partially submerged or downed timber may be used to create snags and brood habitat in certain situations.
Cavity-Nesting Ducks	Maintain nut-bearing trees such as oak and hazelnut in areas used by wood ducks.
Cliffs	Avoid development activities in or near cliff habitat.
Columbian Black-tailed Deer	Maintain a mixture of cover and forage areas through time.
Columbian Black-tailed Deer	Encourage the growth of browse species.
Columbian White-tailed Deer	Maintain a diverse landscape of at least 50% woody cover wherever possible.
Columbian White-tailed Deer	On cottonwood plantations, plant and harvest cottonwoods in small, staggered blocks. Leave native cover along sloughs and other corridors.
Columbian White-tailed Deer	Provide adequate cover on mainland areas adjacent to Columbia River islands to allow for deer movements off the islands during periodic floods.
Columbian White-tailed Deer	Promote short (5-10 cm [2-4 in]), actively growing forage in pastures by grazing or haying.
Columbian White-tailed Deer	Pasture and property fencing should be no more than 1.2 m (4 ft) high with at least 30 cm (12 in) between the top two wires. The bottom wire should be at least 45 cm (17 in) above the ground.
Columbian White-tailed Deer	Remove unused fencing and flag new fencing.
Common Loon	Activities elevating mercury levels should be avoided due to negative affects on loons.
Common Loon	Maintain reservoirs containing nesting loons at constant water levels during egg laying and incubation periods (30 day period during mid- to late-spring)
Common Loon	Construction:  490' buffer; nest sites; year round
Common Loon	All human activities:  490' buffer; nest sites, April 15- July 15
Common Loon	All human activities:  490' buffer, nursery locations, July 15- Sept 1
Cutthroat Trout	Buffer zones of at least the width of the height of the tallest tree (or 15.2 m) (50 ft) whichever is wider) should be maintained along stream banks which provide cutthroat trout habitat, and any other stream which directly or indirectly influences cutthroat trout habitat.
Cutthroat Trout	Road construction and maintenance activities should be avoided adjacent to streams which provide cutthroat trout habitat.
Cutthroat Trout	Instream structures such as bridges, piers, boat ramps, or culverts must not impede the natural movements of cutthroat.
Cutthroat Trout	Waters inhabited by anadromous cutthroat parr should not be treated with metal based herbicides during March 11 - June 15.
Dolly Varden	Buffer zones of at least the width of the height of the tallest tree (or 15.2 m) (50 ft) whichever is wider) should be maintained along stream banks which provide bull trout and Dolly Varden habitat, and any other stream which directly or indirectly influences Dolly Varden habitat.
Dolly Varden	Road construction and maintenance activities should be avoided adjacent to streams which provide bull trout and Dolly Varden habitat.
Dolly Varden	Instream structures such as brides, piers, boat ramps, or culverts must not impede the natural movements of bull trout and Dolly Varden.
Dusky Canada Goose
Elk	Keep open road densities at or below 1.5 miles per square mile on summer range or 1 mile per square mile on winter range.
Elk	Limit clearcut size to 40 acres or less.
Elk	Reduce disturbance on winter range during the winter season.
Enhancement	Planting Vegetation
Enhancement	Controlling invasive species
Enhancement	Modifying site elevations to influence hydroperiod
Enhancement	Modifying site elevations to influence proportion of open water
Enhancement	Remove soil laden with RCG, and replace with wetland peat soil
Enhancement	Water Level and Hydroperiod Analysis
Enhancement	Erosion Control during mitigation
Enhancement	Modify water regime and hydroperiod
Enhancement	Soil and water constraints analysis for vegetation planting
Enhancement	Selection of plant species that match soil and water constraints
Enhancement	Increase herbaceous and woody vegetation
Enhancement	Emergent plant revegetation
Enhancement	Selectively remove  invasive species
Enhancement	Manage or eliminate introduced predators
Enhancement	Regulate impoundment water levels
Enhancement	Nest boxes and platforms
Enhancement	Logs and LWD
Enhancement	Construct Islands within wetlands
Enhancement	Use borrowed soil when appropriate
Enhancement	Apply fertilizer and soil amendments when appropriate
Enhancement	Seed with native grass mixtures in buffer for erosion control and cover
Enhancement	Revegetate herbaceous wetland plant community using sprigs, plugs, rhizomes or tubers
Enhancement	Revegetate woody wetland plant community with cuttings, container-grown, balled, and bare-root plants
Equipment Staging	Mark boundaries of staging areas (ODOT 2005)
Equipment Staging	Use existing roadways when possible (ODOT)
Equipment Staging	Confine staging activities to minimum to complete the project (ODOT 2005)
Equipment Staging	Designate areas to sort and store staging materials (ODOT 2005)
Equipment Staging	Limit idling of vehicles to control emissions (ODOT 2005)
Equipment Staging	Heavy equipment to be stored, fueld and maintained >150 feet from waterbody (SLOPES III)
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Great Blue Heron	Assure retention of several alternate forest stands at least 10 ac in size with dominant trees at least 56 feet tall within 2.5 mi of nesting colonies (Colonies with >50 nests will require a greater number of stands).
Great Blue Heron	If pesticide use is planned within 2.5 miles of a known heron colony or feeding area, consult Appendix A of the Priority Habitat and Species bird volume (wdfw.wa.gov/hab/phs/vol4/appndxa.pdf) for contacts to help assess pesticide use.
Great Blue Heron	Avoid All human activity; 820 – 985 ft; 15 Feb – 31 July
Great Blue Heron	Avoid Logging, construction, blasting or any other intensive land use activity; 3,280 ft; 15 Feb – 31 July
Great Blue Heron	Avoid any activity that necessitates tree, shrub, or ground cover removal.  Use of off-road motorized vehicles; 820 – 985 ft; year-round
Harlequin Duck	Maintain woody debris, riparian vegetation next to streams, macroinvertebrates.
Harlequin Duck	Locate roads  and trails further than 165 feet from streams.
Harlequin Duck	Manage human disturbance during breeding/brood-rearing season (May-August).
Larch Mountain Salamander	A border of trees should be retained along the periphery of talus fields occupied by this salamander. A sufficient overstory is needed to ensure the talus slopes remain cool and moist.
Larch Mountain Salamander	Logs should not be dragged across talus slopes.
Lewis Woodpecker	Leave 48 soft snags/100 ac>17" dbh and >30' tall.  Leave damaged trees for snag recruitment.
Lewis Woodpecker	Manage forest stands for open canopy with brushy understory.
Lewis Woodpecker	Encourage mast-producing trees and shrubs.  Leave corn crops standing through winter.
Lewis Woodpecker	Leave sections of burned and logged forest to regenerate naturally.
Lewis Woodpecker	Avoid insecticides, use biological control of insects.
Low Impact Development Techniques	Heavy equipment limited to that with the least adverse effects (minimally sized, rubber-tired ) (SLOPES III)
LWD Recruitment and Replacement	In-channel Placement of LWD (SHRG 2004)
LWD Recruitment and Replacement	LWD placement in floodplain, side channel, or bank (SHRG 2004)
LWD Recruitment and Replacement	Trapping wood (SHRG 2004)
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Maintenance	Woody Plants (SHRG 2004)
Maintenance	Shrubs/Ground Covers (SHRG 2004)
Maintenance	Soil Management for revegetation (SHRG 2004)
Maintenance	Non-native plant species removal
Maintenance	Placement or creation of snags or retain snags
Maintenance	Transplant affected plants to other areas of the site
Mardon Skipper	Avoid insecticides.
Mardon Skipper	Maintain stands of Idaho fescue and proote western blue violet as nectar source
Mature forest
Merlin
Noise Reduction	Install hollow steel piles with an impact hammer at a time of year when larval and juvenile stages of ESA-listed fish species or those with designated Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) are not present.
Noise Reduction	If within the in-water work window described above, drive piles during low tide periods when located in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas.
Noise Reduction	Use a vibratory hammer when driving hollow steel piles; however, impact hammers may be required for reasons of seismic stability or substrate type or to proof weight-bearing piles. Proofing is usually not required for non-weight bearing piles.
Noise Reduction	Monitor peak SPLs during pile driving to ensure that they do not exceed the 180 dB peak threshold for harm to fish (150 dBrms is protective with regard to harassment as defined under the ESA).
Noise Reduction	Surround the pile with an air bubble curtain system or air-filled cofferdam.
Noise Reduction	Since the sound produced has a direct relationship to the force used to drive the pile, use of a smaller hammer should be used to reduce the sound pressures.
Noise Reduction	Drive piles when the current is reduced (i.e., centered around slack current) in areas of strong current to minimize the number of fish exposed to adverse levels of underwater sound.
Noise Reduction	Limit the charge size and detonation velocity. Shock wave intensity and blast radius may be minimized by keeping the weight of individually detonated charges small and by selecting explosives that minimize detonation velocity.
Noise Reduction	No explosive that produces, or is likely to produce, an instantaneous pressure change greater than 100 kPa (14.5 psi) in the swim bladder of a fish should be detonated in or near fish habitat.
Noise Reduction	No explosive that produces, or is likely to produce, a peak particle velocity greater than 13 mm/s in a spawning bed should be detonated during incubation.
Noise Reduction	Increase the delay between charges. For multiple charges, time delay detonators (blasting caps) should be used to reduce the overall detonation to a series of single explosions separated by a minimum of 25 millisecond delay.
Noise Reduction	Perform blasting work during non-critical or less sensitive time periods for the fish. Avoid blasting during periods of fish migration, spawning and overwintering, when fish are often concentrated in smaller, critical habitats.
Noise Reduction	Select blasting sites to minimize the blast area and any impacts to fish habitat. Blast in shallow water as substantial blast energy dissipation occurs as the shockwave reaches the water surface. Important fish habitat such as riffles or deep pools should be avoided.
Noise Reduction	Keep fish out of the blast area.
Noise Reduction	Blastholes should be filled, or stemmed, with sand or gravel to grade or flush with streambed to confine the blast. Blasting mats should be placed on top of the holes to minimize the scattering of blast debris around the area.
Noise Reduction	Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures (ANFO) should not be used in or near water due to the production of toxic by-products (ammonia).
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Old Growth Forest	Avoid all development activities in old growth forest habitat.
Oregon White Oak	Do not cut Oregon white oak woodlands except for habitat enhancement.
Oregon White Oak	Selectively harvest individual oaks to improve stand age-class and structural diversity.
Oregon White Oak	Thin encroaching conifers in oak woodlands west of the Cascades and along the Columbia Gorge; do not remove conifers from mixed stands east of the Cascades.
Oregon White Oak	Retain large, dominant oaks and standing dead and dying trees.
Oregon White Oak	Create snags when thinning oaks or conifers instead of removing trees.
Oregon White Oak	Leave fallen trees, limbs, and leaf litter for foraging, nesting, and denning sites.
Oregon White Oak	Plant Oregon white oak acorns and seedlings
Oregon White Oak	Construct nest boxes for cavity nesting birds
Osprey	Restrict all human activities within 200 m of any active osprey nest between April 1 and October 1.
Osprey	Establish a "no cut" zone within 61m of each nest.
Osprey	Retain 3-5 live or dead dominant trees and young recruitment trees with 200 m of the nest tree.
Osprey	Do not cut trees within 61m around bodies of water associated within osprey nests.
Osprey	Maintain two dominant live trees and two snags per acre within 335m of the "no cut" zone around bodies of water associated with osprey nests.
Osprey	Preserve snags and live trees suitable for nesting for 3.2 km beyond the "restricted cutting" zone around water bodies associated with osprey nests.
Osprey	Close roads between April 1 and October 1 if birds are unused to disturbance.
Osprey	Do not apply chemicals to any watershed used by ospreys.
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Peregrine Falcon	Route powerlines away from nests wherever possible.
Peregrine Falcon	Strictly protect wetlands (especially intertidal mudflats, estuaries, and coastal marshes) used regularly at any time of the year by peregrine falcons from filling, development, or other excessive disturbances that could alter prey abundance.
Peregrine Falcon	Do not apply pesticides where winter prey species congregate (especially intertidal mudflats, estuaries, and coastal marshes).
Peregrine Falcon	Maintain all large trees and snags in areas where peregrine falcons are known to feed in winter.
Peregrine Falcon	Retain snags and debris located on mud flats for winter perching and roosting.
Peregrine Falcon	Avoid applying pesticides around occupied peregrine nests during the breeding season.
Peregrine Falcon	Restrict human access  2,620’ from cliff nest; March – late June
Peregrine Falcon	Restrict development of trails, picnic grounds, or other facilities; 1,310-2,620’ from cliff nest; year-round
Peregrine Falcon	Restrict  logging 1,310’ from any nest; year-round
Peregrine Falcon	Restrict logging 2,620’ from any nest, March 1- June 30
Pileated Woodpecker	Maintain large standing dead trees (snags) and large decaying live trees for nesting and roosting within home ranges (1480 acres).
Pileated Woodpecker	Retain large naturally formed stumps and numerous large logs in various stages of decay to improve foraging habitat within home ranges (1480 acres).
Pileated Woodpecker	Maintain coniferous forests (stands with >70% conifer trees) of about 60 years of age or older at >70% canopy cover. Manage these forests for an average of 2 snags/10 ac that are 30’’ in diameter.
Pileated Woodpecker	Retain an average of 7 snags/ac ≥90’ in height with diameters ranging between 61-122’’ in forests used for both nesting and roosting.
Pileated Woodpecker	When possible, in addition to snags retained for nesting and roosting, retain an average of 12 snags/ac as foraging trees in the following size classes:7 snags 10-20'' diameter; 3 snags 20-30'' diameter, 2 snags 30'' diameter or larger
Pileated Woodpecker	Retain forest in the largest patches available (>74 ac would be considered large). Where large patches are unavailable, smaller patches should be retained; the average size of smaller patches should be no less than approximately 7 ac.
Pocket Gopher	Curtail conifer encroachment into open areas.
Pocket Gopher	Restrict development of open areas where gophers may occur.
Pocket Gopher	Avoid using herbicides in areas used by gophers.
Preservation	Purchase of land or easements from adjacent landowners to avoid or minimize impact
Preservation	Repair water control structures
Preservation	Structural protection (i.e. from future natural destruction)
Preservation	Establish conservation covenant
Purple Martin	Pilings with known purple martin nests in standing water and snags (especially snags near water) should be protected and left standing.
Purple Martin	Retain snags near saltwater or wetlands during timber harvesting operations, and during salvage operations after burns, blow-downs, and insect infestations.
Purple Martin	Snags can be created in forest openings, or at forest edges (e.g., by topping trees) where nesting cavities are lacking, especially within 10 mi of existing purple martin colonies.
Purple Martin	If natural sites are lacking and cannot be provided by manipulating habitat, artificial nesting structures can be provided.
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Re-establishment/Creation	Removing fill material
Re-establishment/Creation	Plugging ditches
Re-establishment/Creation	Breaking drain tiles
Re-establishment/Creation	Excavation of upland soils to create wetland
Re-establishment/Creation	Remove soil laden with RCG, and replace with wetland peat soil
Re-establishment/Creation	Water Level and Hydroperiod Analysis
Re-establishment/Creation	Erosion Control during mitigation
Re-establishment/Creation	Excavate upland soils to enlarge an existing wetland
Rehabilitation	Breaching a dike to reconnect floodplain or intertidal influence
Rehabilitation	Remove soil laden with RCG, and replace with wetland peat soil
Rehabilitation	Water Level and Hydroperiod Analysis
Rehabilitation	Erosion Control during mitigation
Riverine Wetland	Floodplain Storage Compensation
Road Construction	Travel on wetlands shall be avoided wherever possible. Access roads shall avoid all important wetlands where possible.
Road Construction	Activities will be timed to coincide with low water or frozen conditions, where possible.
Road Construction	Crossings will be restricted to a single location and will occur perpendicular to and at a narrow point on the wetland. Brush matting, swamp matting, ice bridges and floatation tires on vehicles shall be used when crossing as dictated by site conditions.
Road Construction	Equipment shall be in good working order and free of leaks. No equipment maintenance including fuelling shall be carried out within 30 m of a wetland.
Road Construction	Excavation in wetlands shall be carried out by an excavator operating from a dry stable surface to minimize sediment generation.
Road Construction	Excavate only what is absolutely necessary to meet engineering requirements. Excavated material shall not be sidecast in the wetland.
Road Construction	In wetlands associated with sensitive water crossings, grubbing shall be minimized by the placement of geogrid and geotextile prior to the placement of fill.
Road Construction	Vegetation will be retained where possible to provide wildlife habitat. Where applicable, no work near wetlands will be scheduled during the wildlife’s breeding season.
Road Construction	Excavated wetland material shall be retained for placement in the median or along the ROW to improve seeding success.
Road Construction	Excavated material shall be replaced with approved fill material as soon as possible to minimize sloughing, over excavation and generation of sediment.
Road Construction	The fill material shall be clean, coarse fill material with less than 10 percent fines to minimize the generation of sediment and to promote drainage.
Road Construction	Water control shall be maintained at all times. Water removed from the excavation shall be pumped to an approved sediment control measure (e.g., settling pond, adjacent vegetated area or filter bag).
Road Construction	Ditches shall not drain directly to wetlands. Flows must be directed away from wetlands by take-off ditches for dissipation through adjacent vegetated areas.
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Sandhill Crane	Conserve ponds and wetlands within 2 mi of grain fields to provide roosting sites.
Sandhill Crane	Avoid modifying water levels while cranes are nesting. Dams or irrigation ditches that alter water levels and cause negative changes to vegetation should be avoided in crane breeding or migration areas.
Sandhill Crane	New powerline corridors should be constructed out of primary flight pathways. New power line corridors should be located away from crane migration and breeding sites, or buried underground.
Sandhill Crane	Remove fences not intended to control grazing and that are near areas used by cranes.
Sandhill Crane	Limit or eliminate grazing at crane breeding sites. All grazing or haying should not occur until after mid- August and neither of these activities is recommended during the breeding season. All hay should be removed and residual hay cleared immediately af
Sandhill Crane	Avoid road and foot travel; 1,310’; Crane nests; March – September
Sandhill Crane	Avoid logging operations; 2,620’; Crane nests; March – September
Sandhill Crane	Avoid construction and development; 3,940’; Crane nests; March – September
Sandhill Crane	Avoid new construction and increased traffic; 2620'; Known feeding areas; year-round; Preferred feeding areas include wet meadows, grasslands, grain fields, and pastures
Sandhill Crane	Avoid construction of roads and buildings 1,640 ft from known night roosts; year-round
Signs and Fencing	The location of the outer perimeter of the wetland and buffer shall be marked in the field, and such marking shall be approved by the Planning Official prior to the commencement of permitted activities. Such field markings shall be maintained throughout t
Signs and Fencing	A permanent physical demarcation along the upland boundary of the wetland buffer shall be installed and thereafter maintained. Such demarcation may consist of fencing, hedging or other prominent physical marking that allows wildlife passage.
Signs and Fencing	Permanent fencing of the wetland buffer on the outer perimeter shall be erected and thereafter maintained when there is a substantial likelihood of the presence of domestic grazing animals within the property.
Signs and Fencing	Wood or metal signs shall be posted at an interval of one per lot for single family residential uses or at a maximum interval of 200’, or as otherwise determined by the Planning Official, and must be perpetually maintained by the property owner.
Snags/downed wood	Minimize removing snags/ downed wood.
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Coir Log (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Continuous Berm (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Curb Inlet Sediment Trap (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Excelsior Filled Log (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Filter Fabric (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Rock Check Dam (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Sand bag (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Sedimentation Sump (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Silt Fence (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Silt Mat (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Siltation Pond/Tank (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Straw Bale Barrier (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Turbidity Curtain (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Vegetative buffer (RRM-ESA)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Leave trees > 4 inches diameter at 4.5 feet above ground or greater than 20 feet in height (40.450.040.C.4.a)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Do not disturb rare, threatened or endangered plants as defined by county, state or federal agency( 40.450.040.C.4.b)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Ensure that concrete structures (other than manholes, inlets and outlets) are below the normal surface water elevation of the facility (40.450.040.C.4.c)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Do not construct maintenance or access roads within buffer (40.450.040.C.4.d)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Ensure that slopes above the normal water surface elevation of the facility are 4:1 or shallower (40.450.040.C.4.e)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Do not construct pre-treatment facilities (fore-bays, sediment traps and collution control manholes) within the wetland buffer (40.450.040.C.4.f)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Do not construct trench drain collection and conveyance facilities within wetland buffer (40.450.040.C.4.g)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Place fencing outside buffer (40.450.040.C.4.h)
Stormwater/Erosion Control	Do not use rock or riprap, unless necessary to protect pipe outfalls or overflow spillways (40.450.040.C.4.i)
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Talus
Townsend’s Big-eared Bat	All new or repaired bridges should use bat-friendly designs (see www.batcon.org/bridge/ambatsbridges/index.html)
Townsend’s Big-eared Bat	Where forest stands are being used for roosting, retain all trees >50 cm (20 inch) diameter with hollows and cavities.
Urban Natural Open Areas	Avoid or minimize development activities in Urban Natural Open Areas
Vaux’s Swift	Protect existing old-growth, managed forest stands on long rotations (>200 years), and retain large hollow snags and live trees intended for future snag replacement in harvest units [preferably >20’’ in diameter].
Vaux’s Swift	Retain large defective trees, especially those showing signs of decay such as top rot, broken tops, fungal conks, dead branch stubs, or other defects.
Vaux’s Swift	Avoid disturbing chimneys occupied by nesting or roosting Vaux’s swifts between early May - September.
Wood duck	Provide nest boxes with 12 inch deep cavities
Wood duck	Maintain riparian areas with overhanging shrubs and trees to provide food and cover
Wood duck	Maintain/enhance with acorns, hazelnuts and other seed and fruits
Source documents: Some BMPs provide reference to their source documents. ISPG 2002 PSAT 2005 SLOPES III ODOT 2005 RRM-ESA