There are several factors to consider when installing native plants in riparian areas. The following are particularly important if you are planting trees and shrubs in areas where grass competes for water and nutrition.
- Plant during the wet months. Late February to mid-March is generally a good planting time, but local weather conditions should be considered. Planting on overcast or rainy days will reduce the risk of dry roots. Always avoid planting during the hot summer months.
- Keep roots damp and covered before planting. If roots are exposed to sun or wind, even for a few minutes, the tree can die. Keep plant materials in a burlap bag or gently wrap moist sawdust around the roots before they are planted.
- Give your plants room to grow. Plant trees 10-15 feet apart, shrubs 5-10 feet, and groundcovers 1-3 feet apart so they won’t have to compete for light and nutrients as they get bigger. Do not plant large trees right next to the stream. As they grow, their weight may topple them, disturbing the soil and de-stabilizing the streambank.
- Remove sod in 3-foot circles to reduce competition from grass. Grass can shade seedlings and out-compete trees and shrubs for water. Grass also provides habitat for rodents that eat tree bark and shrubs.
- Build healthy soil. Break up big chunks of soil, remove rocks and other inorganic debris. If your soil lacks sufficient organic matter, add compost to the soil and mix it together well. View our Natural Yard and Garden (PDF - 826K) brochure for more tips on building healthy soil.
- Dig a hole twice the width, but the same depth of the root ball. The beginning of the root should be level with the ground.
- Place loose soil over the roots and water immediately to fill air pockets and keep the roots moist.
- Control weeds with weed mats or mulch. Weed mats block sunlight to weeds, but allow water to reach plant roots. Covering your plants with mulch will help control weeds and keep loose soil.
- Skip the fertilizer. Fertilizing is not necessary since native plants should not require additional nutrients. Fertilizer may encourage growth of competing grasses and pollute streams when applied incorrectly.
- Flag trees and shrubs after planting to locate them later for maintenance.
Now that your plants are in the ground, learn how to keep them healthy with a few tips on caring for your natives.
